Thermoelement is a Direct Current Source of Electricity
Other examples such as battery stones used in cellphones (laptops), laptops, cameras, emergency lights etc.
1. Direct Current Generator
Direct current generator is a device used to convert motion energy (mechanical) into electrical energy with direct current. DC generators can be divided into several types based on a series of magnetic winding or amplifier excitation of the anchor (anker), the type of DC generator, namely:
Separate amplifier generator
Shunt Generator
Compound generator
The DC generator consists of two parts, the first being the stator, the silent DC engine part, and the second, the rotor part, the rotating DC engine part. The stator part consists of: the motor frame, stator winding, charcoal brush, bearing and terminal box.
While the rotor part consists of: commutator, rotor winding, rotor fan and rotor shaft.
The working principle of this generator is electromagnetic induction (changes in the magnetic field that occur in a coil of wire resulting in an electric current).
Induction voltage generation by a generator is obtained in two ways:
by using a drag-ring, it produces alternating induced voltages.
by using a commutator, produces a DC voltage.
2. Termoelemen
Thermoelement is a direct current source of electricity from processes that occur due to temperature differences. Termoelemen convert heat energy into electrical energy. This event was stated by Thomas John Seebach in 1826.
The current generated from this event is called termoelement. The greater the temperature difference between A and B, the greater the current flowing. However, because the current generated is relatively small, termoelemen cannot be utilized in everyday life.
3. Solar Cells
Solar cells, or photovoltaic cells, are semiconductor devices consisting of a large region of diode p-j junctions, where, in the presence of sunlight, they are able to create useful electrical energy. This change is called the photovoltaic effect. The field of research related to solar cells is known as photovoltaics.
Solar cells have many applications. They are especially suitable for use when electricity from the grid is not available, such as in remote areas, earth orbiting satellites, hand-held calculators, water pumps, etc. Solar cells (in the form of modules or solar panels) can be installed on the roof of the building where they are connected to the inverter to the electricity grid in a net metering arrangement. The principle works as follows.
If the aluminum foil plate is exposed to sunlight, the aluminum plate will heat up and be passed on to the silicon plate. Silicon is semiconductor, so that at high temperatures, the electrons will be detached and attached to the aluminum foil and positive charges attached to the iron foil. If the two foils are connected through an external circuit, they will cause an electron flow. This is because in the two foils, there is a potential difference. The potential raised by solar cells is so small that it requires a lot of cells. Solar cells are also too expensive so that their use is very limited to certain tools.
The size of the current is very dependent on the intensity of the light penetrating the plate, the number of cells present, and the cross-sectional area affected by the light. Examples of goods that have used solar power are, solar electric cars and energy sources on satellites.